Cisco Tunneling Basic

Network တစ္ခုေပၚမွာ Tunnel ေဖာက္တယ္ဆိုတာကေတာ့ အရွင္းဆံုး Definition ဖြင့္ရရင္ physical Network တစ္ ခုေပၚမွာ Logical Network တစ္ခုသုိ႔မဟုတ္တစ္ခုထက္ပိုေသာ Logical Network မ်ားကိုတည္ေဆာက္ျခင္းပဲျဖစ္ပါ တယ္။Tunnel တစ္ခု သို႔ တစ္ခုထက္ပို တဲ့ Tunnel ေတြကို physical Network တစ္ခုမွာတည္ေဆာက္နုိင္ပါတယ္။ Tunnel တည္ေဆာက္ရန္ အတြက္ေတာ့ Tunneling Protocol ေတြကိုသံုးရ မွာပါ။အခုေအာက္ေဖာ္ျပပါ Topology ပံုေလးထဲကအတိုင္း Basic Tunnel တစ္ခုကိုတည္ေဆာက္ႀကည့္ပါမယ္။

Topology ထဲမွာ 200.0.0.32/30,172.16.0.0/27,10.0.0.0/24,200.0.0.36/30 Network ေလးခုက EIGRP နဲ႔ Route လုပ္ထားျပီး လုပ္ထားျပီး physical links ေတြျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ဆိုလိုတာက Real Network Interface ကိုအသံုးျပဳ ထားတဲ့ Network ေတြျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ေနာက္တစ္စုျဖစ္တဲ့ 172.16.0.32/30,200.0.0.0/27, 172.16.0.64/30 Network ေတြကေတာ့ Tunnel ေပၚကေနတစ္ဆင့္ Route လုပ္မွာပါ။

Sophia Router Configuration *Mar 1 00:11:59.679: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console Sophia#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Sophia(config)#interface serial 0/0 Sophia(config-if)#ip address 172.16.0.1 255.255.255.224 Sophia(config-if)#no shutdown *Mar 1 00:13:36.591: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up Sophia(config)#interface serial0/1 Sophia(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0 Sophia(config-if)#no shut *Mar 1 00:19:26.083: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/1, changed state to up Sophia(config-if)#router eigrp 10 Sophia(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0 Sophia(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 Sophia(config-router)#no auto-summary Mable Router Configuration Mabel#config t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Mabel(config)#int s0/0 Mabel(config-if)#ip addr 172.16.0.2 255.255.255.252 Mabel(config-if)#no shut *Mar 1 00:32:03.895: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up Mabel(config-if)#exit Mabel(config)#interface loopback 0 *Mar 1 00:32:40.003: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to up Mabel(config-if)#ip address 200.0.0.33 255.255.255.252 Mabel(config-if)#interface loopback 1 *Mar 1 00:34:58.679: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback1, changed state to up Mabel(config-if)#ip address 172.16.0.33 255.255.255.252 Mabel(config)#router eigrp 10 Mabel(config-router)#network 200.0.0.32 Mabel(config-router)#network 172.16.0.32 Mabel(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0 *Mar 1 00:45:38.319: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 10: Neighbor 172.16.0.1 (Serial0/0) is up: new adjacency Mabel(config-router)#end Mabel#write memory Building configuration... [OK] Kayla Router Configuration Kayla#config t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Kayla(config)#int s1/0 Kayla(config-if)#ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.0 Kayla(config-if)#no shut *Mar 1 00:56:47.827: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1/0, changed state to up Kayla(config-if)#int lo0 *Mar 1 00:56:58.407: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to up Kayla(config-if)#ip address 200.0.0.37 255.255.255.252 Kayla(config-if)#int lo1 *Mar 1 00:57:34.535: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback1, changed state to up Kayla(config-if)#ip address 172.16.0.65 255.255.255.252 Kayla(config-if)#router eigrp 10 Kayla(config-router)#network 200.0.0.36 Kayla(config-router)#network 172.16.0.64 Kayla(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 Kayla(config-router)#no auto-summary *Mar 1 00:58:47.555: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 10: Neighbor 10.0.0.1 (Serial1/0) is resync: summary configured Kayla(config-router)#end *Mar 1 00:58:57.519: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console Kayla#wr mem Building configuration... [OK]
အခုဆိုရင္ Mabel၊Sophia နဲ႔ Kayla Router သံုးလံုးကို EIGRP Routing Protocol ျဖင့္ခ်ိတ္ဆက္ထားျပီး Router တစ္လံုးနဲ႔တစ္လံုး ping လုပ္လို႔ရေနမွာပါ။အခု Mable နဲ႔ Kayla Router ႏွစ္လံုးကို Basic Logical Tunnel Network တည္ေဆာက္ႀကည့္ပါမယ္။Tunnel Network တစ္ခုတည္ေဆာက္ရန္အနည္းဆံုးေတာ့ Physical Network တစ္ခု ရွိေနရမည္ျဖစ္ျပီး 200.0.0.0/32 သည္ Logical Tunnel အတြက္ Subnet ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ထို႔ေႀကာင့္ Topology ပံုအရ...

Router	Tunnel Physical Interface	Tunnel Source Address	Tunnel Destination Address
Mabel	s0/0	200.0.0.1	10.0.0.2
Kayla	s1/0	200.0.0.2	172.16.0.2

Tunnel Configuration on Mable Router Mabel(config)#do show ip int brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol Serial0/0 172.16.0.2 YES manual up up Serial0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Serial0/2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Serial0/3 unassigned YES unset administratively down down FastEthernet1/0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Loopback0 200.0.0.33 YES manual up up Loopback1 172.16.0.33 YES manual up up Mabel(config)#interface tunnel ? <0-2147483647> Tunnel interface number Mabel(config)#interface tunnel 0 *Mar 1 03:04:03.223: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Tunnel0, changed state to down Mabel(config-if)#ip address 200.0.0.1 255.255.255.252 Mabel(config-if)#tunnel source s0/0 Mabel(config-if)#tunnel destination ? Hostname or A.B.C.D ip address or host name X:X:X:X::X IPv6 address Mabel(config-if)#tunnel destination 10.0.0.2 *Mar 1 03:08:06.043: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Tunnel0, changed state to up Mabel(config-if)#exit Mabel(config)#router ospf 5 Mabel(config-router)#network 172.16.0.32 0.0.0.3 area 0 Mabel(config-router)#network 200.0.0.0 0.0.0.3 area 0 *Mar 1 04:13:05.886: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 5, Nbr 200.0.0.37 on Tunnel0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done Mabel(config-router)#end Mabel#sh ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 200.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 3 subnets C 200.0.0.0 is directly connected, Tunnel0 C 200.0.0.32 is directly connected, Loopback0 D 200.0.0.36 [90/2809856] via 172.16.0.1, 00:44:14, Serial0/0 172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks C 172.16.0.32/30 is directly connected, Loopback1 C 172.16.0.0/30 is directly connected, Serial0/0 O 172.16.0.65/32 [110/11112] via 200.0.0.2, 00:44:01, Tunnel0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets D 10.0.0.0 [90/2681856] via 172.16.0.1, 00:44:15, Serial0/0 Tunnel Configuration on Kayla Router Kayla#config t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Kayla(config)#int tunn ? <0-2147483647> Tunnel interface number Kayla(config)#int tunn 1 Kayla(config-if)#ip address *Mar 1 03:18:49.135: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Tunnel1, changed state to down Kayla(config-if)#ip address 200.0.0.2 255.255.255.252 Kayla(config-if)#tunnel source s1/0 Kayla(config-if)#tunnel destination 172.16.0.2 *Mar 1 03:19:59.903: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Tunnel1, changed state to up Kayla#ping 200.0.0.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 200.0.0.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Kayla(config-if)#exit Kayla(config)#router ospf 5 Kayla(config-router)#network 172.16.0.64 0.0.0.3 area 0 Kayla(config-router)#network 200.0.0.0 0.0.0.3 area 0 Kayla(config-router)#end Kayla#sh ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 200.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 3 subnets C 200.0.0.0 is directly connected, Tunnel1 D 200.0.0.32 [90/2809856] via 10.0.0.1, 00:39:09, Serial1/0 C 200.0.0.36 is directly connected, Loopback0 172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 4 subnets, 2 masks D 172.16.0.32/30 [90/2809856] via 10.0.0.1, 00:39:09, Serial1/0 O 172.16.0.33/32 [110/11112] via 200.0.0.1, 00:38:57, Tunnel1 D 172.16.0.0/30 [90/2681856] via 10.0.0.1, 00:39:09, Serial1/0 C 172.16.0.64/30 is directly connected, Loopback1 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 10.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0